Freshmen Homework: Spring 2021

Bloody Sidewalks (Gloria Lee 2019)

Quest for Knowledge

AMISTAD MIDDLE PASSAGE

THE ATLANTIC SLAVE TRADE

THE COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE

Eagle Hunters

Nomads

Ghengis Khan

 #0  Course Guidelines and Requirements

a. Print a copy of the guidelines. Read it. Sign it. Bring it to class.

FYI:  WARNING: This game may make you smarter. It may improve your speaking, writing, thinking, grades, job performance... (more)

#2  Mongols: Devil's Horsemen or Enlightened Nomads? Read Women of the Mongol Court,  The Mongols "PAT" (This is your textbook) 330-338 and 536-538,  The Voyages of Cheng Ho (Zheng He)  and Did China Discover the America's

Due 3/8 for Periods 1 and 2

Due 3/9 for Periods 6,7,9

1. Identify: Kublai Khan; Yuan Dynasty, Forbidden City, Yonglo

2. Explain two reasons why Ghengis Khan was able to conquer and create such a vast empire.

3. . In your assessment, to what extent can Mongol success be contributed to women?

4.  Who was Zheng He? What did he accomplish? 

5.  What was the greatest accomplishment of the Ming? Greatest failure? Explain why you chose these.

Digging for the Truth

Mongol Strategy

"How the Asian Steppe was Won"

Mongol Military Might

Mongol Horror Stories (Believe it or not!)

Quotes

Period 1 and 2 Due 3/16 

Period 6,7,9 Due 3/17

 #3 Position Paper

A position paper is a paper in which you state an opinion and defend it with factual material. No longer than two typed-double spaced pages. Position papers will be read out loud for the entire class to hear. Each student over the course of the year will be chosen to read at least once! Persuasion Map (use this to outline your position before you write)

Topic: Were the Mongol armies guilty of Terrorism?

or

Should History judge Ghengis Khan by his words,  "The greatest joy a man can know is to conquer his enemies and drive them before him. To ride their horses and take away their possessions. To see the faces of those who were dear to them bedewed with tears, and to clasp their wives and daughters in his arms" .....or by the world that the Mongols left behind after their demise? (see )

or

There are better ways to spend taxpayer money than on the Space Program. Agree or Disagree.

Period 1 and 2 Due:3/22

Period 6, 7, 9 Due 3/23

#4  Origins of Japan.... Religion: Shinto and Zen  "PAT" 339-343 and 542-547 and Izanagi and Izanami: The Creators of Japan,  Shinto and Buddhism in Japan;, 

1.  Identify:  Code of Bushido; Seppuku; Shogun; Daimyo; Samurai; Toyotomi Hideyoshi

2. In Shintoism what is the relationship of humans to the divine? How are humans viewed in Shintoism (i.e. good, evil, important, useless....)?

3. What are the goals of Zen Buddhism? 

4. Using at least three examples, explain the origins of Japanese culture.

5. Who was Tokugawa Ieyasu? In your assessment did his policies do the right things for Japan? Explain your answer.

Period 1 and 2 Due 3/24

Period 6,7,9 Due 3/25

  #5 The Art and Poetry of Japan: The Virtual Museum of Japanese Arts :  Google

  "You be the expert" come to class prepared with a  review of your field. Include a description of the art and how Shinto and/or Zen Buddhism play a role in the practice of the art.  Be prepared to present and answer questions about your assigned field.

#5 FILM

Study: Akira Kurosawa Rashomon

Bring printed copy of the questions for the film.

1. Kurosawa gives us four versions of the same episode. Describe the facts related to each of the four stories. Which, if any, is the most convincing?

2. Kurosawa in many of his movies disdains the changes that carried Japan from a feudal society to a modern one, in large part because he believes that the traditional feudal values were superior. What instances can you find in the movie that reflect this point of view? Which characters epitomize this?

3. At the beginning of the film the firewood dealer says, "I for one have seen hundreds of men dying like animals...but...even I've never before heard anything as terrible as this." Another character replies, "There's never been anything like this. Never...it's worse than fires...wars...epidemics...or bandits." What is so terrible about what happened here?

4. Ultimately, what was the cause of this whole episode of human interaction?

 Period 1 and 2   Due 4/13

Periods 6,7,9  Due 4/14

  #6 How was Medieval Society Arranged "PAT" 352-357 and 358-363 and  "PAT" 370-373

1. Identify: Clergy, Sacrament, Canon Law, Holy Roman Empire, Lay Investiture, Concordat of Worms,  tithe,

Charles Martel,  Charlemagne,  Treaty of Verdun,  Pope Gregory I

2. What are the three roots of medieval culture?

3. What were the major points of conflict between Pope Gregory VII and King Henry IV?

4. What benefits were derived from the manor system? Why were these important in the Middle ages?

5. List the demands that lords made of vassals. (wartime and peacetime).

Period 1 and 2 Due 4/19

Periods 6,7,9 Due 4/20

#7  What effect did the Crusades have on life in the Middle Ages??

Read "PAT" 379-385

1.Identify:  simony, urban II, Saladin, Richard the Lionhearted, Reconquista, Inquistion

2. What were the goals of the Crusades? Which of these were achieved?

3. Identify three problems that the Catholic Church struggled with.

Period 1 and 2 Due 4/21

Period 6,7,9 Due 4/22

 #8 How did Medieval Society change at the end of the Middle Ages?  "PAT" 387-397

1. Identify: Guild, burgher, Commercial Revolution; Thomas Aquinas, limited monarchy; nation-state; Estates General; Henry II; Philip Augustus

2. In what ways did the rise of towns effect the Feudal System?

5. What was the Magna Carta? Why do we assign such a great degree of importance to this document.

 #9 FILM STUDY: Faith vs. Reason at the end of the Middle Ages "The Name of the Rose"

Print out these questions and bring to class. The completed answers will be due next week after we finish viewing the film.

This movie was based on the book "The Name of the Rose" by Umberto Eco. It is set in a Monastery in the 1300's in an isolated part of the Italian Alps. There are several themes and historical events that are addressed in the movie; Monasticism, Heresy, Inquisition, Scholasticism, Faith, Reason, etc. As we watch the movie please answer the following questions.

1. Identify and Explain the role of the following characters:

a. Adso of Melk

b. William of Baskerville

c. Jorgi

d. Bernardo Gui

2. Explain and give 3  examples for how each of the following are addressed in the movie.

a. Superstition

b. Heresy

c. Censorship

3. Umberto Eco, the author of the book on which this movie is based is a man of letters and a respected professor at the University of Bologna. He has written many books on philosophy and is considered to be one of the foremost thinkers of our time.

a. Why do you think the author chose to use a labyrinth as the setting for the movie?

b. Why was Jorgi so opposed to laughter?

c. Why do you think he made Jorgi Blind? Why was Jorgi so set on keeping the library and the books in it a secret?

d. Which do you think is the big winner in the film; Faith or Reason? Explain why you think so with an example from the film.

4. Now the BIG QUESTION; At the end of the movie does Adso make the right decision? What would you have done?

 #21 1350-1450: A century of Turmoil: "PAT" 398-403; Bubonic Plague ; Plague Descriptions and Remedies and Norman Conquest and Conquest II

1. Identify: Babylonian Captivity; Papal Bull; Henry V; Joan of Arc

2. How did the Great Schism begin? How did it change the politics of Europe and the Church? What was the outcome?

3. Who was Jean Wycliffe and what did he teach?

4. What was the Bubonic Plague? How did it spread? How did it change the way Europeans saw the world?

5. How did the Hundred Years War change Europe? Who was the winner?  

Optional Watch:  Deadliest Warrior   Joan of Arc  Pop Culture Battle of Agincourt

 #22 How did the Protestant Reformation begin in Europe? "PAT" 488-500

1. Identify: Indulgence; Protestant;  Diet of Worms; Peace of Augsburg, predestination; theocracy; Ann Boleyn;

2. What were the most pressing criticisms of the Catholic Church? Explain the three things that Martin Luther taught would fix them.

3. Explain the process and reasons by which Henry VIII changed the Church in England.

4. What is Calvinism? How does it differ from Lutheranism?here is no escalator to the tenth floor"  Affirmative Statement: An escalator to the tenth floor is needed for more efficient flow of  student traffic.

5. Explain the formation and role of the Jesuit Order.

6. At the Council of Trent the Catholic Church responded to Protestant challenges. In what ways did they respond? In your assessment was this the right course of action for the Catholic Church to follow in order to survive?

#23 Niccolo Machiavelli:  Read: Machiavelli Excerpts #1 and #2   

QUESTIONS: EXCERPT #1

1. What does Machiavelli state regarding princes and the art of war?

2. What does Machiavelli discuss regarding whether it is better to be feared than loved?

3. What does Machiavelli state as ways for a prince to gain fame and public approval?

QUESTIONS: EXCERPT #2

1 According to Machiavelli, what are two ways of contending? Which is proper to men and which is proper to animals?

2 Why should a prince be both a lion and a fox?

3 What does Machiavelli describe of the nature of men? Why should princes not keep faith with them?

4. What does Machiavelli have to say about Faith? Should men have Faith? If not what should replace it?

FYI Optional Reading: The Prince (Full Text of the Original Work)

Great Books: The Prince

 #24  Position Paper

Answer one of the following Questions. Two page Maximum, double spaced and typed.  Use this Persuasion Map to help organize your argument.

Is it more effective for a ruler to be feared or loved?

or

Does the End justify the Means?

or

Should "The Prince" be banned?

Consider historical as well as contemporary examples of leadership and Machiavelli's Philosophy of ruling.

FYI Optional Reading: The Prince (Full Text of the Original Work)

School of Life Machiavelli

Advice for Nice Guys

 #23The New Cosmology: Investigating Nature! Introduction To The Scientific Revolution;  Science is Education's Arrested Development "PAT" 623-628

1.Define the following: Geocentric, Heliocentric

2. Draw a diagram that reflects your understanding of the Aristotelian /Ptolemaic cosmology (view of the universe).

3. Explain the major "discoveries" and theories of Copernicus, Galileo, Kepler, and Newton.

4. What are the steps of the Scientific Method?

SURF: Popular Science  and  MIT Technology Review

#24  Renaissance!  "PAT" 471-477  Read:  Renaissance

1. How is the humanism of the Renaissance reflected in it's art? Give two specific examples.

2. Why was the emergence of city-states as political entities so important for the shift to modern times?

3. Who were the Medicis? How were they able to control Florence? What were the businesses that thrived while they were in charge?

4. Which of the characteristics of the Renaissance do you find most revolutionary? Explain your answer.

Optional:  

What Inspires Bill Gates

Leonardo's Universe (NatGeo)                      

Biography: Leonardo Da Vinci 

DaVinci's Code: Is it Real? (NatGeo) 

 #31  India and the Mughals  PAT 516-521  Read: The Lady and Her Five Suitors

1. Identify:  Babur, Akbar, Sikh, Shah Jahan, Taj Mahal, Aurangzeb

2. Describe the role of the Delhi Sultanate in Indian History? If you were a Hindu what do you think your attitude towards the Sultans would have been?

3. In your opinion, who held the most effective policies regarding relations between Hindus and Muslims: Akbar, Auranzeb, or Shah Jahan. Explain why you chose who you chose.

4. In your own interpretation, in one sentence, what do you believe is the moral of the story?

5. Comment briefly on the attitude that the story takes towards men? Are you surprised by this? Why might literature that is from a supposedly male dominated culture contain references such as this about men?

 #32  Ottoman Empire PAT 507-511, The Ottomans, Istanbul

1. Identify: Janissary; Devshirme; ghazi

2. Explain how the Ottoman government was organized.

3. Briefly explain how each of the following contributed to the Ottoman empire and rank them in order of importance: Osman; Timur the Lame (Tamerlane); Mehmet II; Suleiman

Ten Minute History

The Europeans Emerge!! PAT   529-535 and 566-575

1. Identify: Treaty of Tordesillas, Dutch East India Company; Vasco de Gama, Middle passage, capitalism, mercantilism, Columbian Exchange

2.  How was slavery in the Americas different than slavery in Africa?

3. Complete the Map of the Americas by placing the following items neatly onto it.

Rivers

Amazon River; Rio Grande; Orinico; Mississippi

Oceans

Caribbean Sea; Pacific Ocean; Gulf of Mexico; Atlantic Ocean

Mountains

Andes; Sierra Madre; Rocky Mountains

Islands

Cuba; Hispaniola, Galapagos; Falklands

Cities

Mexico City; Buenos Aries; Puerto Rico; Rio de Janiero; Santiago; Miami; New Orleans; Havana; Caracas

Miscellaneous

Plateau of Mexico; Yucatan Peninsula; Tierra Del Fuego; Straits of Magellan

Optional: Geography of the America's:  Read PAT 553-560

 #32 Incas, Maya, and Aztecs oh my! Read PAT 446-463

1. Identify: Tikal, codex, popol vuh, Quetzcoatl, Montezuma II, Pachacuti, ayllu, quipu

2. What was the foundation upon which Mayan civilization was built? What three explanations have been given for its collapse?,  

3. Why was Tenochtitlan unique from any other city in the world at that time?

4. If you were to be transferred to one of these civilizations, which would you choose. In one paragraph explain the reasons for your choice.

 #33 Atlantic trade: Colonialism, sugar, and slaves   Read PAT 566-575   Atlantic Slave Trade

Identify: Middle passage, triangular trade, capitalism, mercantilism, Columbian Exchange

1. How was slavery in the Americas different than slavery in Africa?

2. Which consequence of the slave trade was most influential on our world today?

3. What was the most significant effect of the Columbian Exchange on our world today?

 Surf:  MARS ROVER MISSION

 #34 FILM The Mission 

A visually stunning epic, THE MISSION recounts the true story of two men--a man of the sword (Robert De Niro) and a man of the cloth (Jeremy Irons)--both Jesuit missionaries who defied the colonial forces of mighty Spain and Portugal to save an Indian tribe from slavery in mid-18th-century South America. Mendoza (De Niro) is a slave trader and colonial imperialist who murdered his own brother (Aidan Quinn) and seeks penance for his sins by becoming a missionary at Father Gabriel's (Irons) mountaintop mission; Gabriel is a devout and idealistic man who extols nonviolence and peaceful interaction with the natives and colonialists. Despite their differences, the two men must unite to save the mission when Spain, Portugal, and the Catholic church begin negotiating their boundaries in the area--negotiations that will affect both the freedom of the natives and the well-being of the Jesuit missionaries who have set up safe havens for them. Director Roland Joffe's sweeping masterpiece is a haunting account of the treatment of the Guarani Indians of South America and the men who fought desperately, in very different ways, to save them.

Answer the Questions:

 1. Jesuit Priests were highly educated and able to go places where no other "Old Worlders" had been before. What evidence do we see of this schooling and endurance in the movie?

2. Describe what life is like amongst the Guarani Indians above the falls. How does it compare to the lifestyle of the Europeans below the falls? Which lifestyle would you prefer? Why?

3. As the story unfolds we see the true nature of two  different men (Father Gabriel and Rodrigo). Which of them do you believe is the most honorable?

4. In the "Name of the Rose" we discussed the conflict between faith and reason. In this movie emerges a conflict between faith and greed. In your assessment, which wins out? Why?

5. This film has been called "...one of film history's most haunting spectacles." Why might someone characterize this film as haunting? Do you agree or disagree with that assessment?

6. At the end of the film there is an exchange between his Eminency Lord Altamirano and Hontar, the Portuguese representative:

Hontar: We must work in the world, your eminence. The world is thus.
Altamirano: No, Señor Hontar. Thus have we made the world... thus have I made it.

What is the significance of this quote? What does it say about humanity and our role in determining the future? With whom do you agree?

Questions:

 #36 India and the Mughals  PAT 516-521  Read: The Lady and Her Five Suitors

1. Identify:  Babur, Akbar, Sikh, Shah Jahan, Taj Mahal, Aurangzeb

2. Describe the role of the Delhi Sultanate in Indian History? If you were a Hindu what do you think your attitude towards the Sultans would have been?

3. In your opinion, who held the most effective policies regarding relations between Hindus and Muslims: Akbar, Auranzeb, or Shah Jahan. Explain why you chose who you chose.

4. In your own interpretation, in one sentence, what do you believe is the moral of the story?

5. Comment briefly on the attitude that the story takes towards men? Are you surprised by this? Why might literature that is from a supposedly male dominated culture contain references such as this about men?

#37  Ottoman Empire PAT 507-511, The Ottomans,

1. Identify: Janissary; Devshirme; ghazi

2. Explain how the Ottoman government was organized.

3. Briefly explain how each of the following contributed to the Ottoman empire and rank them in order of importance: Osman; Timur the Lame (Tamerlane); Mehmet II; Suleiman

#40 Absolutism PAT 589-611

1. Identify: Phillip II, Edict of Nantes, Cardinal Richlieu, Louis XIV; boyar; 

2.  What role did Divine Right play in the Age of Absolutism?

3. What was the major conflict of the Thirty Years War?

4. How did Peter the Great change Russia? What obstacles did he face? Do you think he was wise in his policies?

 #41 The English Civil War: The Limits of Absolutism  PAT 614-617

1. Identify:  Petition of Right;  Habeas Corpus, William and Mary

2. What did Oliver Cromwell do for England? Should he be considered a hero? Explain.

3. What is so Glorious about the Glorious Revolution?

4. In your estimation, what was the greatest lasting effect of the English Civil War?

5. What is the difference between a constitutional monarchy and an absolute monarchy?

and

Ottoman Empire PAT 507-511, The Ottomans,

1. Identify: Janissary; Devshirme; ghazi

2. Explain how the Ottoman government was organized.

3. Briefly explain how each of the following contributed to the Ottoman empire and rank them in order of importance: Osman; Timur the Lame (Tamerlane); Mehmet II; Suleiman

SUPER_MATCHING

Super -matching review quiz! This is the mother of all matching quizzes!!!! Review all homework and class notes from Spring semester.

Final :

Express in any manner that you wish how one of the following quotes is related to the Statement "History is a Tool we use to Build the Future"

"I am Not Attached to the Buddha"

"Rice is Pointless"

"I owe my Existence to Surplus"

"Ride the Mouse"

" WormFlower"

"The State is not the Government"

"The Way is Wu Wei"

"I Love Peasants"

#42 Elizabethan England "POP"420-425

1.  Identify: Act of Uniformity; Act of Supremacy

2.  Briefly explain how Elizabeth I became the Queen of England

3. What were the challenges she faced after becoming Queen?

#5 Film: Joan of Arc:

This film was originally aired as a miniseries on CBS. It was nominated for 13 emmy awards (a record for a miniseries). Although not 100% accurate it is a decent account of the story. Joan of Arc led the armies of France to victory over the Burgundians and English at the age of 16. By the age of 19 she was accused of heresy and burnt at the stake.

Questions:

1. Explain the meaning and significance of the following Quotes:

a. "Never underestimate the power of a myth my friend." (Prince Philip of Burgundy )

b. "What do you call a baker who slices up his cake while it is still in the oven?" (Joan of Arc)

b. "So long as our lord is first served" (Joan of Arc)

2. Explain the "Maid of Lorraine Tactic" that Charles refers to. Why is he at first reluctant to use it? What changes his mind? Do you believe that Joan is the Maid of Lorraine? Why? Why not? Describe another historical example of nationalism that builds around a heroine or hero.

3. Would you say that this film shows a weakening or strengthening of the feudal system? A weakening or strengthening of the Catholic Church? Give example to support your view.

CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Joan of Arc

#39 The kingdoms of Eastern Africa and Western Africa  Read PAT 406-430 What is it?

1. Identify: Ghana, Mali, Songhai  Nok; Kush; Axum;  Sundiata; Ibn Battuta

2. What were the most important accomplishments of Mansa Musa?

3. In your opinion is the lineage system an effective way to uphold the values of society? What is the difference between patrilineal and matrilineal societies?

4. How is swahili an example of cultural interaction? If a

Group Project and Presentations Commence

Comparative Civilization Project: NEWSCASTS FROM THE PAST

 Period 1 and 2: 2/8

Period 6,7,9: 2/9

#1 Historical Fiction: The genre of literature, film, etc., comprising narratives that take place in the past and are characterized chiefly by an imaginative reconstruction of historical events and personages.

The year is 650 CE. You are living in a small town outside of Damascus. You've been caught in the middle of a battle between Byzantine forces and Islamic Liberators. Your town has been burned and you have nothing left. You must journey to a new land on your own. Explain where you will travel to make your fortune. Will you go North-West to Europe, Southwest to North Africa? East to Persia, to India, to China? Tell your story.

Use this map.     EURASIA

Task:

A.  Put together a slide presentation of 3-5 slides that tell your character.s story.

B. Using a map, Color, draw, and label the physical geographic obstacles you will face along the way to your Chosen Land. Highlight and describe  the route you decide to take.

C. Describe the modes of travel you will use to reach your Chosen Land and the challenges you face on your journey.. Be historically accurate and true to the time period.

D. Speculate on the way in which you will make your fortune in your new land. Which opportunities in your Chosen Land are most likely to bring you the fortune you seek. Be historically accurate for your region.

Possible Resources:

(PAT) Patterns of Interaction   Chapters 12-19

Wikipedia

Internet History Sourcebook (Fordham University)

World History outlines and Flowcharts 

 #2  How did the T'ang and Song Dynasties contribute to the development of China? Read PAT 323-329 and  Life in the Tang Dynasty

1.Identify: Tang Taizhong; Wu Zhao; gentry

2. Explain the changes that took place  politically, economically and militarily between the T'ang and Song Dynasties.

3. Explain three important inventions of the Chinese? Which would most improve the quality of life? Which would be most profitable?

Fun Factor:    Signs of the Chinese ZodiacWelcomes Youf Flying Daggers Echo Scene

 #3 Classical Chinese Poetry: The Art of Character and Virtue

300 Chinese Poems

Chinese Poems

Answer:

1. Choose a poem, print it out and bring it to class.

2. What virtue is the poem trying to convey....Beauty, Loyalty, Honor, Intelligence .....something else?

3. You will be asked to recite it in class (In English or Chinese: Mando or Canto:).

 #4 How does innovation change Civilization? Consumer Technology (scroll over "topics" to start your search)

Choose a category below:

Smart Home/Internet of Things

Energy/Alternative Fuels

Bio Technology/Implantables

Transportation

Health Tech

Robotics

Artificial Intelligence

1. Describe the technology and what it can be used for.

2. Is it available now? If not when can we expect to see it.

3. How do you predict it will change the way people live.

4. What are the positive effects it could have? What are the negative effects it might have?

5. Be prepared to share your finding with the class. You may want to include a few pictures or a short vid clip to help the class understand your technology

#7 The Ming replace the Mongols. Read "PAT" 536-538; The Voyages of Cheng Ho (Zheng He)  and Did China Discover the America's

1.Identify:  Forbidden City, Yonglo

2.  How did the Ming come to power?

3. Who was Zheng He? What did he accomplish? 

4. What was the greatest accomplishment of the Ming? Greatest failure? Explain why you chose these.

Surf: Orbiting Space Colonies

#9 How was early Japanese society organized? "PAT" 339-343 and 542-547 ;

1. Identify:  Code of Bushido; Seppuku; Shogun; Daimyo; Samurai; Toyotomi Hideyoshi

2. Who was Tokugawa Ieyasu? In your assessment did his policies do the right things for Japan? Explain your answer.

3. NO MAP :)

Review for Quiz: China, Mongols, Japan:

You may use your homework and or class notes to complete in class.

 #12  Southeast Asia and Korea  PAT 344-347

1. Identify: Khmer Empire, Angor Wat,  Koryo Dynasty

2. How did the cultural development of Vietnam resemble that of Korea?

3. Describe the geography of Southeast Asia and describe the geography of Korea.

4. Southeast Asia and Oceana MAP (click link for outline map) : Label the map with the following; Vietnam, Thailand, Laos, Phillippines, Australia, Bangladesh, Brunei, Malaysia, Myanmar, New Zealand  Korea, Japan, China, Sumatra, Borneo, Java, Celebes, Strait of Malacca

Korea Vid Clips

10 Crazy Facts (N. Korea)

10 More!

The Rich Kids of North Korea

Hidden State

Arirang Mass Games

South Korea Education Fever

South Korea Nation to Watch

Tech Schools

AND

Physical Map of Europe Link to Map

1. Shade in Blue and Label: Mediterranean Sea; Black Sea, Caspian Sea; North Sea; Baltic Sea; Bay of Biscay, Gulf of Bothnia, White Sea; Adriatic Sea; Norwegian Sea; Celtic Sea Atlantic Ocean; Azov Sea; English Channel; Strait of Gibralter

2. Label with mountain peaks the following regions: Alps, Carpathians, Pyrenees, Caucasus

3. Shade in Green: North European Plain, Iberian Peninsula, Balkan Peninsula, Plain of France, British Isles

4. Label and Trace in Blue the following Rivers:  Loire , Danube, Rhine, Volga, Tagus, Elbe, Seine;  Don; Dnieper

#16  Charlemagne and the Carolingians "PAT" 352-357  Einhard; Charles the Great

3. What characteristics do you think made Charlemagne a good ruler? What was his greatest achievement?

4.. From what you have read what is the relationship between the Church and the ruling Frankish Kings? Do they help each other? Hurt each other? Was there separation between Church and State or cooperation?

For more info: Capitulary of Charlemagne Issued in the Year 802